: str_replace(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($replace) of type array|string is deprecated in
* WordPress session managment.
* Standardizes WordPress session data using database-backed options for storage.
* for storing user session information.
// Exit if accessed directly
if ( ! defined( 'ABSPATH' ) ) exit;
* - Remove `set_cooke()` from constructor
* - Give `set_cookie()` public access
* WordPress Session class for managing user session data.
final class WP_Session extends Recursive_ArrayAccess implements Iterator, Countable {
* ID of the current session.
* Unix timestamp when session expires.
* Unix timestamp indicating when the expiration time needs to be reset.
private static $instance = false;
* Retrieve the current session instance.
* @param bool $session_id Session ID from which to populate data.
* @return bool|WP_Session
public static function get_instance() {
if ( ! self::$instance ) {
self::$instance = new self();
* Will rebuild the session collection from the given session ID if it exists. Otherwise, will
* create a new session with that ID.
* @uses apply_filters Calls `wp_session_expiration` to determine how long until sessions expire.
protected function __construct() {
if ( isset( $_COOKIE[WP_SESSION_COOKIE] ) ) {
$cookie = stripslashes( $_COOKIE[WP_SESSION_COOKIE] );
$cookie_crumbs = explode( '||', $cookie );
if( $this->is_valid_md5( $cookie_crumbs[0] ) ) {
$this->session_id = $cookie_crumbs[0];
$this->regenerate_id( true );
$this->expires = $cookie_crumbs[1];
$this->exp_variant = $cookie_crumbs[2];
// Update the session expiration if we're past the variant time
if ( time() > $this->exp_variant ) {
delete_option( "_wp_session_expires_{$this->session_id}" );
add_option( "_wp_session_expires_{$this->session_id}", $this->expires, '', 'no' );
$this->session_id = $this->generate_id();
* MODIFICATION: Only set the cookie manually.
* Set both the expiration time and the expiration variant.
* If the current time is below the variant, we don't update the session's expiration time. If it's
* greater than the variant, then we update the expiration time in the database. This prevents
* writing to the database on every page load for active sessions and only updates the expiration
* time if we're nearing when the session actually expires.
* By default, the expiration time is set to 30 minutes.
* By default, the expiration variant is set to 24 minutes.
* As a result, the session expiration time - at a maximum - will only be written to the database once
* every 24 minutes. After 30 minutes, the session will have been expired. No cookie will be sent by
* the browser, and the old session will be queued for deletion by the garbage collector.
* @uses apply_filters Calls `wp_session_expiration_variant` to get the max update window for session data.
* @uses apply_filters Calls `wp_session_expiration` to get the standard expiration time for sessions.
protected function set_expiration() {
$this->exp_variant = time() + (int) apply_filters( 'wp_session_expiration_variant', 24 * 60 );
$this->expires = time() + (int) apply_filters( 'wp_session_expiration', 30 * 60 );
* MODIFICATION: Change access to public for manually setting cookie.
public function set_cookie() {
@setcookie( WP_SESSION_COOKIE, $this->session_id . '||' . $this->expires . '||' . $this->exp_variant , $this->expires, COOKIEPATH, COOKIE_DOMAIN );
* Generate a cryptographically strong unique ID for the session token.
protected function generate_id() {
require_once( ABSPATH . 'wp-includes/class-phpass.php');
$hasher = new PasswordHash( 8, false );
return md5( $hasher->get_random_bytes( 32 ) );
* Checks if is valid md5 string
protected function is_valid_md5( $md5 = '' ){
return preg_match( '/^[a-f0-9]{32}$/', $md5 );
* Read data from a transient for the current session.
* Automatically resets the expiration time for the session transient to some time in the future.
protected function read_data() {
$this->container = get_option( "_wp_session_{$this->session_id}", array() );
* Write the data from the current session to the data storage system.
public function write_data() {
$option_key = "_wp_session_{$this->session_id}";
// Only write the collection to the DB if it's changed.
if ( false === get_option( $option_key ) ) {
add_option( "_wp_session_{$this->session_id}", $this->container, '', 'no' );
add_option( "_wp_session_expires_{$this->session_id}", $this->expires, '', 'no' );
delete_option( "_wp_session_{$this->session_id}" );
add_option( "_wp_session_{$this->session_id}", $this->container, '', 'no' );
* Output the current container contents as a JSON-encoded string.
public function json_out() {
return json_encode( $this->container );
* Decodes a JSON string and, if the object is an array, overwrites the session container with its contents.
public function json_in( $data ) {
$array = json_decode( $data );
if ( is_array( $array ) ) {
$this->container = $array;
* Regenerate the current session's ID.
* @param bool $delete_old Flag whether or not to delete the old session data from the server.
public function regenerate_id( $delete_old = false ) {
delete_option( "_wp_session_{$this->session_id}" );
$this->session_id = $this->generate_id();
* Check if a session has been initialized.
public function session_started() {
return !!self::$instance;
* Return the read-only cache expiration value.
public function cache_expiration() {
* Flushes all session variables.
public function reset() {
$this->container = array();
/*****************************************************************/
/* Iterator Implementation */
/*****************************************************************/
* Current position of the array.
* @link http://php.net/manual/en/iterator.current.php
public function current() {
return current( $this->container );
* Key of the current element.
* @link http://php.net/manual/en/iterator.key.php
return key( $this->container );
* Move the internal point of the container array to the next item
* @link http://php.net/manual/en/iterator.next.php
next( $this->container );
* Rewind the internal point of the container array.
* @link http://php.net/manual/en/iterator.rewind.php
public function rewind() {
reset( $this->container );
* Is the current key valid?
* @link http://php.net/manual/en/iterator.rewind.php
public function valid() {
return $this->offsetExists( $this->key() );
/*****************************************************************/
/* Countable Implementation */
/*****************************************************************/
* Get the count of elements in the container array.
* @link http://php.net/manual/en/countable.count.php
public function count() {
return count( $this->container );
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